On September 26 / October 9, 1921 he was consecrated Bishop of Izhevsk, a vicariate of the Sarapul diocese. He is also mentioned by one source as having been temporary administrator of the Kirov diocese. On November 9, 1922 he was arrested, and on December 27 he was sentenced to two years' exile in Narymsk region. (According to another source, this happened in 1924.) At the beginning of 1924 he was in the Taganka prison in Moscow. From 1924 to 1926 he was imprisoned on Solovki. In August, 1926 he was released, and in the autumn of 1926 he was living in Petrograd while temporarily administering the Vyatka diocese. At the beginning of 1927 and again in 1933 he is mentioned as being in retirement.

     Elder Sampson (von Sievers) recounted the following incident when he was serving with Bishop Stephen sometime before 1925: "Vladyka Stephen was celebrating the Liturgy in the Krestovoy church in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. I was a hierodeacon. I brought out the Chalice. Vladyka read: 'I believe, O Lord, and I confess', lifted the veil and went pale - it was Human Flesh in Blood! Then he turned to me: 'Look, Father!' What was he to do? He turned and went through the left door while I went with the Chalice through the right door into the altar, and began to pray that the Lord would be merciful: how were we to distribute Human Flesh? Who would take it?.. He prayed for about fifteen minutes with arms raised. Then he looked - and again it had taken the form of bread. Then he went out and communicated the people. This incident was known by Metropolitan Gurias, the priest-martyr Lev, who perished in the mines in Karaganda, and, it seems, by monk-martyr Barsonuphius, my favourite..."

     Protopriest Fr. Basil Bondarev, who had been with Vladyka Stephen during his first exile and was later shot, told the following story: "A huge bear lumbered up to us while we were preparing timber. He filled all of us with terror. At that time Vladykya Stephen and I and the other exiles were going to cut timber. Once we were working when we suddenly heard someone crashing through the grove. A bear! We all ran off in different directions. I, too, hid. Then I looked out and saw Vladyka Stephen standing where he was and the bear stretched out at his feet. Vladyka was feeding him with some bread and stroking him. And from that time the bear became completely tame; he would come up and lie down beside Vladyka, who would feed him."

     Bishop Stephen enjoyed great authority among the believing people. He was considered to be a clairovoyant elder. He had the courage to tell people exactly what he thought of them.

     He was in opposition to both the renovationists and the sergianists, and was the spiritual father of the first bishop who came out openly against Metropolitan Sergius' declaration - Hieromartyr Victor of Glazov. At the beginning of 1928 he was banned from serving by Sergius. He participated in the "Nomadic Council" of the Catacomb Church in 1928 through Monk Obadiah.

     He served in various churches in Petrograd. Natalia Georgievna Kiter tells the following story about him:--

     "Mama and I arrived in Petersburg in 1930, after a ten-year absence. Mama was a pensioner (she had been a teacher for many years), and received a pension, I don't remember exactly, of either 12 or 18 rubles a month. She went out one dark and frosty morning and returned only late in the evening, half-dead from tiredness. She hadn't eaten a thing all day.

     "'The doctor discovered that I have cancer and has ordered me to have an operation immediately,' she said, dropping exhausted onto the bed.

     "My heart trembled, but I tried to say with complete calm:

     "'We shall go tomorrow. If one catches it early, it's not dangerous.'

     "I spoken confidently in this vein. Mama was calm. I managed to get her into the hospital without any particular difficulty. In the evening I was visited by my neighbour, a very believing and intelligent old woman, Vera Alexandrovna Arbuzova, who lived with her daughter, Musya, a nurse.

     "At this time I had no idea of true spiritual life, and only recently, 'to spite the Bolsheviks', I had begun to go to church. My soul had been searching for something for a long time, life seemed pointless. At the age of 18 I had suddenly been attacked by a terrible thought which deprived me of the strength to live. What was the point of working, of studying, of seeking, of hoping for anything, if everything ended in death? At this point my path crossed with that of the theosophists, and their teaching seemed to me, who did not know the truth, to be a revelation. I must add that from the age of 9 I had grown up without the beneficial influence of my deeply and sincerely believing parents. When the persecutions against the Church began, I, out of a confused feeling of protest, began to go to church. There I found rest to my soul, although I had no idea about the true life of the spirit. But the church was the only place where I felt in Russia, where the present disappeared without a trace.

     "And now Vera Alexandrovna tried to direct me along the right path. But I didn't give in to her, relying self-confidently on my experience alone.

     "'You know, Nata,' she turned to me. 'I want to suggest that you ask Vladyka Stephen. Remember, I told you about him, that he could pray for your mama. Let's go to Pesochnaya tomorrow, to the church where he is.'

     "I put no particular hope on the prayers of an unknown bishop, but you clutch onto anything when grief comes.

     "The next morning the three of us set off for the Liturgy. During the service I noticed, not far away, among the worshippers, an old, thin monk in a tattered old rasa. His pale face looked ascetic, and there were straggly strands of grey hair sticking out from under his old skufa. Something drew me to look in his direction.

     "After the service Vera Alexandrovna said to me, pointing at the elder:

     "'That's Vladyka.'

     "The people began to crowd up to him, asking for his blessing. A long queue was formed. We got up. Never before had I kissed the hands of a priest, and I immediately noticed that most people not only kissed Vladyka's hand, but also bowed to the ground before him. I was upset. All this seemed strange and barbarian to me. I was perplexed. How could this be?

     "But while I was hesitating, I suddenly saw myself already standing in front of Vladyka. I raised my eyes to him and met his glance. What happened to me then! His glance penetrated into the very depths of my soul and immediately enlightened it, like a flash of lightning. I immediately saw its blackness and all his holiness. Suddenly I felt holiness. This was a new and unusual feeling for me, and I was struck, as if hit by something. Weeping, I fell at his feet and couldn't regain my calm. And to his sympathetic question I could only mutter:

     "'Vladyka, pray for mama.'

     "'And what is her illness?'

     "I told him. He knitted his brow and shook his head.

     "'Alright, but you also pray.'

     "'I can't, Vladyka.'

     "'Pray as you are able. We shall pray together.'

     "I returned home somewhat calmer. The operation was appointed for the morning, just at the time of the Liturgy. I rushed straight from the church to the hospital. Would she be alive? In fear and anxiety I went into the ward. From a cot in the distance mama nodded to me, smiling. She was weak, but in full consciousness and kind as always. Musya Abramova told me that the doctor had warned her, since she was a nurse, that he feared that the sick woman would die under the knife... The last words that mama heard were the word of the professor:

     "'We must be quick here.'

     "But the operation not only went well, there was not even any of the festering from which so many sick people die, and her temperature did not even go up. Mama was released from hospital two weeks later. The stitches healed as if after a shallow cut in a young and healthy person.

     "'I don't understand a thing,' said the professor, spreading his hands. It couldn't end like that. The sick said that they were struck how calmly and happily mama went to the serious operation, as if she were going on a walk.

     "Mama's first outing was to the church on Pesochnaya. After the service Vladyka had a long, tender conversation with us. He joked, and tried to encourage us. We both wept. We quietly left the church. Vladyka caught up with us; he greeted us, smiling radiantly. His tall figure could be seen for a long time at the end of the alley.

     "We didn't see him again. Shortly after this they arrested and exiled him. The accusation was: 'Opium for the people'. And - evidently through the prayers of Vladyka Stephen - mama was given two more years so as to receive a crown to her life so full of harsh suffering - an angelic, monastic crown [with the name Eugenia]....

     "Vera Alexandrovna told me how Margarita Jul. Mei had seen mama in a dream on the very day of her death lying in the grave. Beside her stood an unknown elder-monk who was praying fervently. Vera Alexandrovna had had the thought of showing her the photograph of Vladyka Stephen.

     "'That's him! That's him!' shouted Margarita Jul., although she had never once seen Vladyka Stephen in the flesh.

     "They say that during the fast Vladyka ate nothing except one prosphora a day with holy water.

     "'Receive Communion while there is the Chalice,' were his constant words.

     "Vera Alexandrovna told the following stories from her life:

     "1. Once we were standing in the church. Vladyka Stephen was at the other end blessing the people. I also went up. But Musya said:

     "'Wait, let him finish blessing all the women first.'

     "Finally we went up. Vladyka smiled and said to us:

     "'I've finished blessing all the women, now I can bless you, too.'

     "Vladyka could not possibly have heard the words that were said in a whisper at the other end of the church. Musya was ready to fall through the earth out of shame! What clairvoyance from the Lord!

     "2. There was a lady staying with us, not a church person. Once she said:

     "'You keep saying about your bishop that whatever he prays for he receives. I shall go to him. Let him pray that so-and-so gives up his wife and marries me.'

     "'Well, you know, I wouldn't advise you to go with such requests to Vladyka.'

     "She went. She went ahead of us to receive his blessing. She had hardly opened her mouth when the tenderly smiling face of Vladyka suddenly darkened, he frowned and, without saying a word, turned away from her, and turned to the next person. The lady was very upset both with us and with Vladyka.

     "This is how Vladyka Stefan became a monk. The future Vladyka Stefan, then a young student, was walking along the street. He saw a big crowd in one entrance and asked:

     "'What's going on?'

     "'We're waiting for our dear Father John of Kronstadt.'

     "A carriage came up. The crowd rushed up to it and pushed the young future bishop so powerfully that he felt towards Fr. John, who was just getting out. He looked at him attentively and went into the house. The crowd remained outside the house. The future bishop also remained, although he didn't know why. Suddenly an unknown person came out of the house and asked:

     "'Is so-and-so here?' giving Vladyka Stefan's name in the world.

     "'That's me,' said the amazed youth.

     "'Batyushka is calling you.'

     "His amazement increased. He followed the man who had been sent for him. Fr. John got up to meet him, calling him 'Vladyka'..."

     Natalya Kieter continued her reminiscences: "A year passed. I had a dream. A door opened quickly and Vladyka Stephen entered in a fur coat. I had never seen him dressed like that, and he said:

     "'I remember, Natalya, I remember.'

     "That was all. I woke up. Immediately the news came of his death in exile..."

     According to one source, Vladyka Stefan was arrested in Petrograd in 1929 and sentenced to three years' exile in the village of Pomozdino, Komi ASSR. On September 7, 1932 he was arrested in exile and on April 21, 1933 (sic) was sentenced to be shot. However, this sentence was commuted to ten years in prison. He died in prison on March 13/26, 1933. However, according to another source, Bishop Stefan died on March 31 / April 13, 1933.

     (Sources: Metropolitan Manuel (Lemeshevsky), Die Russischen Orthodoxen Bischofe von 1893-1965, Erlangen, 1989, vol. VI, pp. 237-238; "Episkop Stefan", Russkij Palomnik, N 5, 1992; M.E. Gubonin, Akty Svyateishago Patriarkha Tikhona, Moscow: St. Tikhon's Theological Institute, 1994, p. 993; Bishop Ambrose (von Sievers), "Istoki i Svyazi Katakombnoj Tserkvi v Leningrade i obl. (1922-92 gg.)"; "Episkopat Istinno-Pravoslavnoj Katakombnoj Tserkvi 1922-1997gg.", Russkoye Pravoslaviye, N 4(8), 1997, p. 4; Lev Regelson, Tragediya Russkoj Tserkvi, 1917-1945, Moscow: Krutitskoye patriarsheye podvorye, 1996, p. 536; Victor Antonov, "Svyashchenomuchenik Mitropolit Iosif v Petrograde", Vozvrashcheniye, N 4, 1993, pp. 46-52; Michael Shkarovsky, "Iosiflyanskoye Dvizheniye i Oppozitsiya v SSSR (1927-1943)", Minuvsheye, 15, 1994, pp. 446-463; I.I. Osipova, "Skvoz' Ogn' Muchenij iVody Slyoz", Moscow: Serebryanniye Niti, 1998, p. 253)